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PART 4
第四部分
I'm going to report on a case study of a programme
我将汇报一个案例研究，
which has been set up to help rural populations in Mozambique,
是为帮助莫桑比克的农村人口而筹建的一个项目，
a largely agricultural country in South-East Africa.
莫桑比克是非洲东南部一个以农业为主的国家。
The programme worked with three communities in Chicualacuala district, near the Limpopo River.
该项目与Limpopo河附近的Chicualacuala区的三个社区合作。
This is a dry and arid region, with unpredictable rainfall.
这是一个干燥干旱的地区，降雨量难以预测。
Because of this, people in the area were unable to support themselves through agriculture
正因为如此，该地区的人们无法通过农业养活自己，
and instead they used the forest as a means of providing themselves with an income,
他们转而利用森林作为一种收入来源，
mainly by selling charcoal.
主要是通过出售木炭。
However, this was not a sustainable way of living in the long term,
然而，从长远来看，这不是一种可持续的生活方式，
as they were rapidly using up this resource.
因为他们正在迅速地将这些资源消耗殆尽。
To support agriculture in this dry region,
为了帮助这一干旱地区的农业，
the programme focused primarily on making use of existing water resources
该项目的重点主要是现有的水资源
from the Limpopo River by setting up systems of irrigation,
通过建立灌溉系统来利用Limpopo河
which would provide a dependable water supply for crops and animals.
为作物和动物提供可靠的供水。
The programme worked closely with the district government
该项目工作与区政府密切合作，
in order to find the best way of implementing this.
以找到实施这一政策的最佳途径。
The region already had one farmers' association,
这个地区已经有一个农民协会了，
and it was decided to set up two more of these.
决定再成立两个。
These associations planned and carried out activities including water management,
这些协会计划和执行了包括水管理、
livestock breeding and agriculture, and it was notable that in general,
牲畜饲养和农业在内的活动，值得注意的是，
women formed the majority of the workforce.
妇女是劳动力的主力。
It was decided that in order to keep the crops safe from animals,
为了保护农作物不受动物的伤害，
both wild and domestic, special areas should be fenced off where the crops could be grown.
包括野生和家养动物，应该用篱笆把可以种植庄稼的特殊区域隔开。
The community was responsible for creating these fences,
社区应该负责制作这些栅栏，
but the programme provided the necessary wire for making them.
这个项目提供了制作栅栏所需的电线。
Once the area had been fenced off, it could be cultivated.
这块地方一旦用篱笆围起来，就可以耕种了。
The land was dug, so that vegetables and cereals appropriate to the climate could be grown,
土地被挖后，就可以种植适合当地气候的蔬菜和谷物，
and the programme provided the necessary seeds for this.
这个项目为它提供了必要的种子。
The programme also provided pumps
这个项目还提供水泵，
so that water could be brought from the river in pipes to the fields.
以便可以通过管道从河里将水运到田里。
However, the labour was all provided by local people,
然而，所有的劳动力都是由当地人民提供的，
and they also provided and put up the posts that supported the fences around the fields.
他们也提供并在这个区域附近张贴了保护栅栏的海报。
Once the programme had been set up,
立项成功后，
its development was monitored carefully.
就要仔细监测它的发展情况。
The farmers were able to grow enough produce not just for their own needs, but also to sell.
农民们能够种植足够的农产品，不仅满足他们自己的需要，而且还能出售。
However, getting the produce to places where it could be marketed was sometimes a problem,
然而，将农产品运到可以销售的地方有时是一个问题，
as the farmers did not have access to transport,
因为农民没有交通工具，
and this resulted in large amounts of produce, especially vegetables, being spoiled.
这导致大量农产品，特别是蔬菜变质。
This problem was discussed with the farmers' associations
与农民协会讨论了这个问题，
and it was decided that in order to prevent food from being spoiled,
并决定为了防止食品变质，
the farmers needed to learn techniques for its preservation.
农民需要学习保存食品的技术。
There was also an additional initiative that had not been originally planned,
还有一项原先没有计划的额外倡议，
but which became a central feature of the programme.
但已成为该项目的一个中心特点。
This was when farmers started to dig holes for tanks in the fenced-off areas
农民们开始在被栅栏围起来的区域挖洞挖水箱，
and to fill these with water and use them for breeding fish
然后把水箱装满水用来养鱼
–an important source of protein.
——这是蛋白质的重要来源。
After a time, another suggestion was made by local people
过了一段时间，当地人又提出了另一个建议，
which hadn't been part of the programme's original proposal,
这个建议并不是项目最初提议的一部分，
but which was also adopted later on.
但后来也被采纳了。
They decided to try setting up colonies of bees,
他们决定尝试建立蜂群，
which would provide honey both for their own consumption and to sell.
提供蜂蜜供自己食用同时也销售。
So what lessons can be learned from this programme?
那么，我们能从这个项目中学到什么呢?
First of all, it tells us that in dry, arid regions,
首先，它告诉我们在干燥的情况下，
if there is access to a reliable source of water,
干旱地区，如果有可靠的水源，
there is great potential for the development of agriculture.
农业的发展就有很大的潜力。
In Chicualacuala, there was a marked improvement in agricultural production,
在Chicualacuala，农业生产有了显著的改善，
which improved food security and benefited local people
这一方面改善了粮食安全，
by providing them with both food and income.
另一方面通过向当地人提供粮食和收入而使他们受益。
However, it's important to set realistic timelines for each phase of the programme,
然而，为计划的每个阶段设定现实的计划安排表是很重要的，
especially for its design,
尤其是在设计阶段，
as mistakes made at this stage may be hard to correct later on.
因为在这个阶段所犯的错误可能很难在以后改正。
The programme demonstrates that sustainable development is possible in areas where …
该方案表明，可持续发展在……是可行的......