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OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article you mentioned
好了，格雷格，我终于读完了你提过的那篇文章了
- the one about the study on gender in physics.
关于物理学中的性别差异研究。
About the study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team?
是三宅明和他大学生团队研究的那篇？
Yeah. I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.
是的，我当时对那篇文章很感兴趣，因为研究人员实际上将心理学和物理学结合，
That's an unusual combination.Yeah.
那是很罕见的研究组合。对，
I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on.
刚开始我对这些学生的研究基点比较困惑。
They weren't actually majoring in physics - they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.
他们其实并不主要研究物理领域——他们主要研究的是STEM领域，
That's science, technology, engineering and ...... and math.
STEM也就是科学，技术，工程以及…… 以及数学。
Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.
是的，但是他们原本都是学习物理学的。
That's correct. So as I understood it, Miyake and co
对。据我所知，三宅先生和他的同事
started from the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college,
首先研究发现女性在大学初级物理课程中的表现并不突出。
and also that on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men.
而且平均来看女性的表现远不如男性。
No one really knows why this is the case.
谁也无法解释这其中的原因。
Yeah. But what the researchers wanted to find out
是的，但是他们想要研究的是
was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results.
如何改善女性平均表现不佳这一结果。
But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.
首先他们要先发现问题的本质。
Right - now let's see if I can remember... it was that in the physics class,
对。现在我想想……报告里是不是说在物理课上，
the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics ... was that it?
女生认为，男生都觉得女性不擅长物理学？
And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests.
而且还觉得女性在测试中会表现不佳。
That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.
那是女生的想法，她们会因此紧张，所以她们才会表现不佳。
But actually they were wrong ... No one was making any assumptions about the female students at all.
但是实际上她们错了……没有人会对女生的表现有任何假想。
Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple -
总之，三宅团队的做法很简单
getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.
他们让学生在进入物理教室之前写些东西。
What did they call it?
他们管这叫什么来的？
Values-affirmation - they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them,
价值假设- 学生需要写一篇随笔，写出对他们来说重要的事物。
not particularly to do with the subject they were studying, but more general things like
不一定要写他们学习的某个学科，也可以是平常的事物，
music, or people who mattered to them.
比如音乐或是对他们重要的人。
Right. So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.
对。这么做的目的是让学生们用一种积极地方式思考。
And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance.Yeah.
这样女生在写东西时会很放松，帮助她们克服导致她们表现不佳的心理障碍，
But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected
让研究员们没想到的是
was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.A huge change.
这一举动让女生的物理平均成绩从C提到了B。这是个重大改变。
Pity it wasn't to an A, but still!
虽然没有提到A，但是已经很好了！
No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.Yes.
这确实说明了之前女性相对男性而言，实在是失常发挥了。是的，
Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details.
但是值得注意的是，三宅的文章遗漏了很多细节。
Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?
比如，这些学生们只写了一次还是很多次？
And had they been told why they were doing the writing?
他们知道为什么要写那些东西吗？
That might have affected the results.
这些都有可能影响最终结论。
You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?
你是说，如果他们知道这样做会帮助他们提升，他们会尝试达到这一预期吗？
Exactly.
是的。
So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study,
那么，我想我们可以做一个类似的研究项目，
but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.
但着重研究写作这件事是否是改变结论的关键因素。
Ok. So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different...
好。我们可以要求他们写一些完全不同的东西……
something more factual? Like a general knowledge topic.
更实际的一些东西？比如一般知识性话题。
Maybe... or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.
或者……我们可以让一半学生写东西，另一半做一些别的事情，比如谈论一些事情。
Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task.
再或者，一半人还写跟三宅研究中一样的东西，另一半人写一些实际的东西。
Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else.
然后我们再看是否真的是写作主题影响了结论，还是说其他原因。
That's it. Good. So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project.
对，就这样。那么我们周一和导师开会的时候可以告诉他我们已经选好项目了。
We should have our aims ready by them. I suppose we need to read the original study-the article's just a summary.
我们应该领先别人一步了。我想我们需要读一下原文，这篇文章只是个小结。
And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky. It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class,
我之前还读过另一篇斯姆林斯基写的文章。她的文章研究了在班里男女混组，
compared with single-sex teams and on their own.
和男女分别一组的区别。
Let me guess...the women were better at teamwork.That's what I expected,
让我猜猜……女性在团队表现更好？我也是这么想的，
but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.
但事实是男性和女性无论是在混组中还是男女分别一组中表现都是一样的。
But I guess it's not that relevant to us.
但我觉得这跟我们关联不大。
What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time.
我担心的是我们如何在规定时间内做完这些事情。
We'll be OK now what we are doing.
我们会克服的。
Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not...No.
我不确定的是学生们的反应是否会对我们的试验有所帮助。...对，
We may need some advice on that. The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.
所以我们还需要一些建议。现在主要先确认我们的样本数量是否合适，既不能太多也不能太少。
That's shouldn't be difficult. Right, what do we need to do next?
这应该不难。好了，下一步要做什么？
We could have a look at the timetable for the science classes...
我们可以看一下理科班的课程表……
or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors. That's be better.
或是约一下理科老师。这样会更好。
Great. And we could even got to observe one of the class.
好吧。我们还可以先观察一个班。
What for?
你要做什么呢？
Well...OK maybe let's just go with your idea. Right, well...
恩……好吧，或许我们应该先按照你说的做。好了，那么……